More elderly seek gradual entrance to retirement

MATT SEDENSKY, Associated Press

MUSCATINE, Iowa (AP) — There is an oft-told story about what happens when a worker at the Stanley Consultants engineering firm decides to retire.

"They say you have the retirement party one day and you come back to work the next," said Mary Jo Finchum, spokeswoman for the Muscatine, Iowa-based company.

Stanley is among the U.S. employers that have offered workers a softer landing into retirement, allowing them to scale back hours as they prepare to take the plunge and move into part-time positions once it's official.

"It's really the best of all worlds," said John Sayles, a 79-year-old planner at Stanley who cut his hours before formally retiring in 2003, but who has continued to work part time in the decade since. "I'll probably do it as long as the company would like me to help out."

Like most phased retirement programs, Stanley approves participants case by case. Those who take part before officially resigning must work at least 20 hours to maintain their health benefits. Once they've officially retired, workers can cash in shares through the company profit-sharing plan and make 401(k) withdrawals, even if they continue to work part time.

Dale Sweere, Stanley's human resources director, said phased retirement gives employees a way to maximize their retirement savings and the company a way to retain a highly experienced employee who often has built close ties with clients.

It also slows costs and productivity losses tied to turnover, and responds to a desire from employees who want to remain engaged in work, just not as much.

"They don't want to just walk away from the profession," Sweere said. "And to try to replace these people, especially with the amount of experience they've gained, is very difficult."

The phased retirement idea was born in Sweden in the 1970s and gained a foothold in the U.S. soon after.

Sarah Rix, a policy adviser at AARP who worked on the issue in its early years, said it has been hard to quantify how many people have taken part in such programs because most are informal. A 2010 study by AARP and the Society for Human Resource Management found that 20 percent of employers had phased retirement programs in place or planned to start them.

Companies that do embrace the concept often cite the wishes of older workers, who, surveys show, list flexibility as a priority in the twilight of their careers.

Businesses also see phased retirement as a way for employees to transfer knowledge to their replacements and to mentor younger workers.

It also is a way for them to reduce the payroll without losing a valued employee's expertise and experience.

"We're helping not only the retiree to transition, but the retiree is hopefully helping us to transition too, by passing on that corporate memory," said Judy Gonser, director of benefits and labor relations at The Aerospace Corporation, whose engineers have been at the helm of a variety of space-age projects, including missile defense.

The company lets employees take unpaid leaves of absence to give retirement a test run, switch to part-time status ahead of a full retirement, and gives retirees a chance to return to part-time work.

Phased retirement has been most widespread on university campuses and, to a lesser degree, among government and health care workers. It has been far less common among blue-collar workers.

"Some jobs are rather easy to split," said Robert Clark, a North Carolina State University economist who has written about phased retirement. For example, he said, professors teaching two classes a semester could easily trim their schedules. The salary savings might go toward hiring a less experienced, less expensive instructor.

Many formal phased retirement programs let employees maintain health insurance, vacation and other perks, and continue building up their retirement benefit. Others are more like consulting agreements, with retirees returning to work as independent contractors without benefits.

John Matzeder, compensation and benefits manager at the University of Kansas Medical Center, said phased retirement helps force individuals to think about their post-career lives and determine how they want to spend their time.

"You kind of want to transition into something and do something other than watch TV," he said. "It's a good transition. You're still coming to work, you're drawing a good income, your benefits are not going to change, but you really have to come up with a plan for when you're retired."

Phil Eckhert, 65, who retired in April from his post as director of housing, community works and transit for Hennepin County, Minn., now works part time under the county's phased-retirement program. It's provided him with a chance to refocus his life, both at work and at home. He has more time for projects around the house and his hobbies of golf and photography. But he also finds new fulfillment on the job.

He'll take calls and offer advice to less senior colleagues, all while enjoying a more limited schedule and a full pension. He had to give up his spacious office for a more modest one, but has also scaled back his responsibilities.

"It's been very nice to focus on a smaller number of things," he said. "I really have liked not having to carry 82 things home in my head at night."

Despite positive experiences around the country and decades of history, phased retirement still isn't an option most workers have access to.

Dallas Salisbury, president of the Employee Benefit Research Institute, said the economic picture will have to improve for the idea to get a more widespread embrace.

"It will require unemployment to come back down significantly lower and, particularly for the unemployment rates for those coming out of high school and college before there's interest in finding special ways to keep those who want to retire but the company would like to keep around part time," he said.

The idea gained a significant boost last year when Congress passed a law to allow some federal employees participate in phased retirement. With an eye toward a potential mass exodus of baby boomer workers, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management said the goal of the program is to facilitate the mentoring and training of employees' replacements.

That forthcoming expansion could fuel more interest in the private sector, particularly if projections of its cost savings are realized. The Congressional Budget Office estimated phased retirement would cut federal spending by $427 million over 10 years and increase revenues by $24 million because workers would collect pensions for shorter periods and earn taxable wages longer.

At Stanley Consultants, phased retirees speak passionately of what the program has allowed them to do. Hank Mann, a 72-year-old engineer, cut back to 30 hours a week in the months leading up to his formal retirement last year, and has worked fewer hours since.

He now coaches a swim team with his wife and volunteers harvesting grapes at a local winery. He relishes still being called upon to help with projects, but also enjoys being able to turn them down if he's not interested, an option not afforded during his 52 years of full-time work.

"Now I work on my schedule," he said. "Not the company's."

___

Matt Sedensky, an AP reporter on leave, is studying aging and workforce issues as part of a one-year fellowship at the AP-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research, which joins NORC's independent research and AP journalism. The fellowship is funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and supported by APME, an association of AP member newspapers and broadcast stations.

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