A day of remembrance and reflection, 20 years after the 9/11 attacks

New York police officers and firefighters hold a U.S. flag
New York police officers and firefighters hold a U.S. flag as a band plays the National Anthem on Saturday at the National 9/11 Memorial during a ceremony commemorating the 20th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks.
Ed Jones | Pool | AFP via Getty Images

Updated: Noon

Twenty years to the day after a pair of hijacked airliners destroyed the World Trade Center towers, another plane punched a gaping hole in the Pentagon and a fourth passenger jet crashed in a Pennsylvania field after passengers sought to regain control from hijackers, Americans across the country reflected on the events that forever changed their country.

Nearly 3,000 people were killed on Sept. 11, 2001. The event not only sparked enormously costly wars in both Afghanistan and Iraq, but also spawned a domestic war on terrorism, rewriting the rules on security and surveillance in the U.S., the repercussions of which continue to reverberate.

National ceremonies:

Minnesota Capitol ceremony:

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People gathered in lower Manhattan at the National September 11 Memorial & Museum at the spot where the twin towers once stood. Three presidents — President Joe Biden, former presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton — and their wives attended. They wore blue ribbons and held their hands over their hearts as a procession marched a flag through the memorial and stood somberly side by side as the names of the dead were read off by family members and stories and remembrances were shared.

Former President Bill Clinton (from left), former first lady Hillary Clinton, former President Barack Obama, former first lady Michelle Obama, President Biden, first lady Jill Biden, former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, his partner Diana Taylor, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Charles Schumer stand for the national anthem at Saturday's ceremony in New York City.
Former President Bill Clinton (from left), former first lady Hillary Clinton, former President Barack Obama, former first lady Michelle Obama, President Joe Biden, first lady Jill Biden, former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, his partner Diana Taylor, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Charles Schumer stand for the national anthem at Saturday's ceremony in New York City.
Chip Somodevilla | AFP via Getty Images

The president and first lady also met with former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg and his partner, Diana Taylor, according to the White House. They greeted FBI Director Christopher Wray, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, the New York congressional delegation and many other current and former state and local officials as they arrived at the memorial.

At a ceremony at Shanksville, Pa., former President George W. Bush remembered the day that "the world was loud with carnage and sirens. And then silent with voices."

Bush lamented the current era of political division, seeming alluding to the Jan. 6 insurrection at the U.S. Capitol.

Former President George W. Bush pauses during his speech during the 9/11 commemoration at the Flight 93 National Memorial in Shanksville, Pa., on Saturday.
Former President George W. Bush pauses during his speech during the 9/11 commemoration at the Flight 93 National Memorial in Shanksville, Pa., on Saturday.
Mandel Ngan | AFP via Getty Images

"We have seen growing evidence that the dangers to our country can come, not only across borders, but from violence that gathers within," Bush said. "There is little cultural overlap between violent extremists abroad and violent extremists at home ... they are children of the same foul spirit, and it is our continuing duty to confront them."

Also in Shanksville, Vice President Kamala Harris called the site "hallowed ground."

Visitors line the Wall of Names at the Flight 93 National Memorial on Friday in Shanksville, Pa. The Luminaria Ceremony commemorates the 40 victims of Flight 93.
Visitors line the Wall of Names at the Flight 93 National Memorial on Friday in Shanksville, Pa. The Luminaria Ceremony commemorates the 40 victims of Flight 93.
Jeff Swensen | Getty Images

Flight 93 taught us "about the courage of those on board, who gave everything. About the resolve of the first responders, who risked everything. About the resilience of the American people," she said.

Echoing Bush, Harris said that in the days after the attacks, "we were all reminded that unity is possible in America. We were reminded, too, that unity is imperative in America. It is essential to our shared prosperity, our national security, and to our standing in the world."

The Bidens were also to attend a wreath-laying ceremony at Shanksville, as well as the Pentagon, where United Airlines Flight 93 crashed.

Family members and loved ones of victims of those who died on 9/11 attend the 20th anniversary commemoration ceremony on Saturday at the National September 11 Memorial & Museum in New York City.
Family members and loved ones of victims of those who died on 9/11 attend the 20th anniversary commemoration ceremony on Saturday at the National September 11 Memorial & Museum in New York City.
Chip Somodevilla/Pool/AFP/Getty Images

Former President Donald Trump released a video message Saturday morning, largely lambasting Biden's handling of the withdrawal from Afghanistan. Trump, who visited Shanksville on Friday, is also expected to visit ground zero Saturday afternoon before delivering ringside commentary at a boxing match at a casino in Hollywood, Fla.

See more NPR coverage of the 20th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks.

At ground zero, the national anthem was performed in a solemn ceremony and then, in what has become an annual tradition, a moment of silence was observed at 8:46 a.m., when American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the north tower.

Claudia Castano touches the name of her brother that is etched at the Empty Sky 9/11 Memorial in Liberty State Park in Jersey City, N.J., on Sept. 11, 2021.
Claudia Castano touches the name of her brother that is etched at the Empty Sky 9/11 Memorial in Liberty State Park in Jersey City, N.J., on Saturday.
Roberto Schmidt | AFP via Getty Images

Another moment of silence was observed at 9:03 a.m., when United Flight 175 hit the south tower. Bruce Springsteen, with an acoustic guitar and harmonica, took the dais to perform “I'll See You In My Dreams.” Then more names were read.

Two similar moments of silence followed, marking the collapse of the south tower at 9:59 a.m. and the north tower at 10:28 a.m.

More than 2,600 people were killed in and around the World Trade Center buildings. At the Pentagon, 184 died and 40 more were killed in Pennsylvania.

A man mourns Saturday at the 9/11 Memorial in New York City on the 20th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks.
A man mourns Saturday at the 9/11 Memorial in New York City on the 20th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks.
Mike Segar | Getty Images

A moment of silence was observed at 9:37 a.m., marking when American Airlines Flight 77 careened into the west face of the Pentagon. A ceremony there was hosted by Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Army Gen. Mark Milley.

In London, acting ambassador to the United Kingdom Philip Reeker, attended a special changing of the guard at Windsor Castle, where the U.S. national anthem was performed. Reeker said Americans would be "forever grateful" for the "enduring friendship" between the two countries.

Soldiers wait below an American flag prior to the start of the Pentagon 9/11 observance ceremony at the National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial on Saturday in Arlington, Va.
Soldiers wait below an American flag prior to the start of the Pentagon 9/11 observance ceremony at the National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial on Saturday in Arlington, Va.
Win McNamee | Getty Images

Speaking on Friday, Biden said that in the days after the attacks in 2001, "we saw heroism everywhere — in places expected and unexpected."

"We also saw something all too rare: a true sense of national unity," he said.

A rose lays on a bench at the National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial on Sept. 11, 2021, in Arlington, Va.
A rose lays on a bench at the National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial on Saturday in Arlington, Va.
Win McNamee | Getty Images

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